Diabetes Management
The goals of treatment for diabetes are to prevent or delay complications and optimize quality of life. However, it is difficult, if not impossible, to manage your diabetes without monitoring it at home. It is often said that “trying to manage your diabetes without home monitoring is like driving a car without a milometer, fuel gauge or temperature gauge”. Therefore, undoubtedly/ without a doubt “Everyone is like a child when starting something new.”
Diabetes
self-management education and support, medical nutrition therapy, routine
physical activity, smoking cessation counseling when needed, and psychosocial
care are essential to achieving treatment goals for people with diabetes goals
as suggested by (ADA, 2020). There are two major self-management tasks to keep
in mind. The first is to maintain a safe blood glucose level (this means
balancing all the treatment methods, which include healthy eating, exercise,
managing stress and emotions, and medication) and to detect early any problems
caused by diabetes.
Recommendations
for managing Diabetes as proposed by International
Diabetes Center; Joslin Diabetes Foundation; American Diabetes Association
(ADA):
·
In accordance with the American Diabetes
Association standards for diabetes self-management education and support, all
people with diabetes should participate in diabetes self-management education
and receive the support needed to facilitate the knowledge, decision-making,
and skills mastery necessary for diabetes self-care.
·
Exercise is an important part of your
self-management program because it helps to lower your blood sugar. However,
sometimes it can lower your blood sugar too much, which can cause hypoglycemia
and other problems. Therefore, it is important to find the best time during the
day to exercise and to know how to treat hypoglycemia should it occur.
·
Have your eyes (including the retina at
the back of your eyeball) examined every 1 to 2 years (or as recommended by
your doctor) and report any changes in vision to your doctor.
·
Check your blood pressure yearly (or as
recommended by your doctor).
·
Have your cholesterol and lipids checked
yearly (or as recommended by your doctor).
·
Have your kidney function checked yearly
(or as recommended by your doctor) with a urine test for micro-albumin.
·
When a person with diabetes is sick with
an infection, a cold, or the flu, the blood sugar tends to go up, and food and
medicines can have different effects during those days. For this reason, it is
especially important to have a plan for sick days and know what to do and when to
seek additional help.
·
Have your haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level
checked several times a year (or as recommended by your doctor). The HgA1c or
glycosylated haemoglobin test is a blood test that measures the average control
of blood glucose over the past 2–3 months. A target level for HbA1c is below
7.0.
·
Monitoring your blood glucose helps you
know if the strategies you are using to control your diabetes are working. Only
through monitoring and recording the results can you judge the success of your
program and make appropriate adjustments (under the guidance of your doctor).
Regular
physical activity is one of the best things you can do to control diabetes and
improve health. This keeps the joints flexible, strengthens the heart, lungs,
and blood vessels to help prevent heart problems; reduces stress, and helps
many people deal with sad or unhappy feelings. Exercise helps with weight
control in three ways. First, we burn calories or energy while we are
exercising. Second, exercise helps build and maintain muscle. Therefore, a
steady supply of energy in the form of glucose needs to be supplied because the
muscles are burning calories (using energy) 24 hours a day. This helps manage
weight. Third, sustained aerobic exercise, which is an exercise that raises your
heart rate, makes you breathe harder or perspire and also increases the rate at
which the body burns calories. When you stop exercising, your metabolism does
not return immediately to normal. It remains somewhat elevated for up to 6
hours after. Exercise changes the metabolism in the muscles and helps normalize
blood glucose levels. Thus, you continue burning calories at an increased rate
long after you finish exercising, helping your body use the glucose in the
blood as energy, as postulated by (Kate
Lorig, RN.; DrPH, Halsted Holman, MD; David Sobel, MD; Diana Laurent, MPH;
Virginia González, MPH, and Marian Minor, RPT, Ph.D., 2006).
Living
well with diabetes requires both good medical care and effective
self-management. Although there is much that health care providers can do, you
must take responsibility for learning about diabetes and managing the daily
decisions and actions necessary to deal with the disease. To understand and
monitor the effects of food, exercise, illnesses, and medications, it is
helpful to learn how to test your blood sugar at home. Most importantly, ongoing diabetes self-management education and support
are critical to preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term
complications.
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